Xeroderma
Definition
Xeroderma is the medical term for abnormally dry skin, characterized by roughness, tightness, flaking, scaling, cracking, and sometimes itching. It occurs when the skin loses too much moisture or cannot retain adequate hydration, often due to a compromised skin barrier. Common causes include environmental factors (low humidity, cold weather, wind, excessive sun exposure), harsh soaps and cleansers that strip natural oils, hot showers or baths, aging (as sebum production and natural moisturizing factor levels decline), and certain medical conditions or medications. Xeroderma ranges from mild dryness to severe cracking that can bleed and become infected. Treatment focuses on restoring moisture and repairing the skin barrier through regular use of emollients and moisturizers containing ceramides, glycerin, hyaluronic acid, and occlusives like petrolatum. Avoiding hot water, using gentle, fragrance-free cleansers, and using a humidifier in dry environments also help manage the condition.
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